This paper aims to analyze the regulatory framework governing crypto-assets, particularly cryptocurrencies, to clarify these relatively unfamiliar concepts and outline their legal treatment in Croatia, the European Union—of which Croatia is a member—and other countries worldwide. Although legal regulation of crypto-assets has struggled to keep pace with the rapid evolution of this technology and the emergence of its new possibilities, there are ongoing efforts to bridge this regulatory gap. Consequently, special attention in this paper is devoted to the development of a new regulatory framework for crypto-assets at the EU level. While many people are familiar with well-known cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin and Ethereum—often perceived merely as digital currency—the potential of blockchain-based crypto-assets extends far beyond this. Cryptocurrencies are indeed an innovative solution with a substantial impact on the global economy and financial systems; however, the underlying technology offers significant potential for improvements in other sectors. Through transparency, immutability, and decentralization, blockchain has transformative applications across fields such as healthcare, in law, through smart contracts and automated contract execution; and in voting and elections, among many other areas beyond the financial sector. The aim of this paper is not only to present the legal treatment of crypto-assets in Croatia and other countries but also to provide a clearer understanding of the fundamental concepts of blockchain technology. The paper seeks to demonstrate that blockchain is not as incomprehensible as it may initially seem. Keywords: crypto-assets, cryptocurrency, blockchain, Markets in Crypto-Assets Regulation (MiCA), Bitcoin